Today we have already dissected the pathways and cellular mechanisms causing human pathologies and aging-related diseases, we know which proteins or drug can significantly improve these conditions in vitro and in transgenic animal models...

 

...however the problem is not the therapeutic agent itself, but the therapeutic system used to deliver it to the target host cells.

 

Administration of the simple therapeutic agent to the patient is usually: inefficient (most of it degrades in extra-cellular environments or it's retained by body barriers like the liver), dirty (the therapeutic agent acts on cells nearby the administration area with no specificity) and needs multiple doses. Modern therapies that target human diseases or aim to extend human lifespan overpass, by some extent, these delivery problems of the therapeutic agent, but they still show several limitations:

 

• The delivery efficiency of the therapeutic agent in these systems and need often repeated doses

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• The therapeutic effect is often shorter than one week

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• These systems often cause immune responses or toxicity at repeated doses

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Below we report alternative approaches to sustained systemic exposure: